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Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an infection that affects the gums surrounding your teeth. It is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults and is often painless, making it difficult for patients to detect. Your dentist will assess for signs of periodontal disease during routine checkups by measuring the space between your teeth and gums.
Gum Disease: What are the Causes?
Gum disease is caused by a buildup of plaque (a sticky form of bacteria that forms on the teeth). If the plaque is not removed (by flossing, brushing, and regular dental checkups), it will continue to build up and create toxins that can damage the gums. Periodontal disease forms just below the gum line and creates small pockets that separate the gums from the teeth. Periodontal disease has two stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.
- Gingivitis: Gingivitis is the initial stage of gum disease, characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily. With proper daily brushing and flossing, gingivitis can be treated and eliminated.
- Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, causing serious and irreversible damage to the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Teeth affected by periodontitis may become loose, fall out, or require removal by a dentist.
There are certain factors that can elevate a patient's likelihood of developing periodontal disease, such as:
- Smoking or chewing tobacco
- Diabetes
- Taking certain medications like steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
- Ill-fitting bridges
- Misaligned teeth
- Aging fillings
- Pregnancy
While it is possible to have periodontal disease and not know it, some symptoms can include:
- Easily bleeding gums
- Red, swollen, tender gums
- Gums that have receded from the teeth
- Persistent bad breath or bad taste
- Pus between teeth and gums
- Loose or separating permanent teeth
- Changes in how teeth fit together when biting
- Changes in the fit of partial dentures
Gum Disease Treatment
Treatments for gum disease can vary depending on the severity of each individual case. Typical treatments include:
- Non-invasive options like using at-home periodontal trays and deep cleaning through scaling and root planing
- Surgical procedures including periodontal surgery and laser gum surgery
- Placement of dental implants
Gum Disease Prevention
Regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are important for maintaining your health and the health of your smile. You don’t have to lose teeth to periodontal disease, and by practicing good oral hygiene at home, you can significantly reduce your chances of ever getting gum disease. Remember to brush regularly, clean between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular dental visits to help keep your smile healthy.
